Introduction to Government

The Structure of a State Government is as follows

  • Legislative

Legislature consists of Governor, the Legislative Council and Legislative  Assembly. 

The Governor assents to the bills passed by both houses. In certain cases, he may return a bill to the Legislature, giving his reason; however, if the two houses pass the bill with or without accepting his recommendations, he has to assent to it. He may refer certain bills to the President for consideration and assent. The Governor also has powers to promulgate ordinances, when the houses of the Legislature are not in session. The ordinances are, however, required to be laid before the houses and cease to operate after six weeks from the reassembly unless, before the expiry of that period, a resolution disapproving the ordinance is passed by the Legislative Assembly and agreed to by the Council. 

The Governor summons and prorogues the two houses and dissolves the Vidhan Sabha. He addresses the two houses assembled together at the beginning of every year and at the first session after every general election. In his address, the Governor reviews the activities of his government during the past year, and apprises the two houses of the programs to be carried out in the ensuing year. He also refers to the bills proposed to be submitted for approval. The Governor's Address is prepared by the Council of Ministers and is in fact, a statement of the policies of the government. 

The Legislative Council or Upper House is a perpetual house and not subject to dissolution. The term of office of a member is six years; but one third of its members retire every two years. The Council is a mix of representatives among the cross section of the state and also people with expertise in various specific fields of knowledge, literature and arts.

The Legislative Assembly or Lower House consists of members that are directly elected on the basis of adult franchise. The normal life of the Legislative Assembly is five years. It can, however, be dissolved earlier, and in an emergency, its term can also be extended by a maximum period of one year. (Vide Article 172 of the Constitution). 

The two houses, though constituted on different principles, are nevertheless co-ordinate chambers. The Legislative Assembly as the directly elected house, enjoys exclusive powers in financial matters. Financial bills can originate only in the Legislative Assembly, which has a prevailing voice in the case of money bills. 

Under the Cabinet system of government adopted by this country, the Executive (the Government) is fully responsible and accountable to the Legislature and can hold office only so long as it can command the support of the Lower House. Apart from approving the bills and sanctioning the budget, the Legislature exercises supervision over the work of the Executive by keeping a close watch on its functioning in two ways. One is through legislative devices, such as questions, calling-attention notices, resolutions, short duration discussions, adjournment motions, no-confidence motions, cut-motions on the demands for grants, amendments to the Governor's address, etc. The other is through the committees of the Legislature entrusted with the task of scrutinizing specific fields of governmental activities. These committees have powers to send for any persons, papers or records and can also examine witnesses and make reports and recommendations.

  • Judicial

The Judiciary is one of the three arms of the state. Its independence and effectiveness define the true state of a democracy. However, the Judiciary is also the weakest of the three organs without any executive machinery of its own or with a formal popular base, as in the case of the Legislature. Every democratic constitution, therefore, tries to have in-built safeguards to maintain the independence of the Judiciary. 

The Judiciary cannot be said to be completely independent of the Executive and the Legislature, in view of the following provisions: 

(i) Leave and pension for Acts of Parliament regulates the judges of the High Court. 

(ii) Subject to the provisions of the Constitution, laws of the respective legislatures determine the jurisdiction of the courts. 

(iii) The constitution, jurisdiction and powers of the sub-ordinate courts are regulated by laws of the State Legislature that can exclude specified matters from the jurisdiction of ordinary courts. 

(iv) All appointments of judicial officers are the responsibility of the executive, though provision has been made for consultation with the High Court, although the state government appoints the staff of the High Court. 

Law and Judiciary Department 

The Law and Judiciary department, as the name connotes, functions as legal advisory department to the government and as administrative department for the Judiciary. The functions of the Law and Judiciary department as advisory department are mainly technical. This department tenders legal advice mainly to government departments on the following subjects: -

(1) Legal points arising under the Constitution of India, several civil and criminal Acts, rules and regulations, etc.

(2) Legislation (both principal and sub-ordinate).

(3) Litigation (both civil and criminal),

(4) Conveyance
 

  • Executive

Since Independence, there has been a tremendous growth in the executive functions of the state, due to:

(i) Growth in the traditional functions of the state like law and order, education, public health, etc.

(ii) New functions, such as promoting economic development and social and economic justice undertaken by the state.

This has consequently led to a large expansion in the executive machinery of the state. In the state level, there are Cabinet Ministers and Ministers of State. At the national level, there Lok Sabha Members and Rajya Sabha Members.

The progress of the state depends on the executive branch. All credit and blame regarding the overall condition of the state depends on the executive branch. India is a country rich in natural resources and has excellent hard working people. There is a danger in many states that the executive branch is merely an extension of the British model of exploitation. Some of the current ills of India (for example Corruption) have their source in this branch. Fortunately, the overall condition of this branch has been changing for the better in the last few years all over India.

Selvi J Jayalalitha

Governor of Tamil Nadu Dr K. Rosaiah

Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Thiru O. Panneerselvam

Tamil Nadu Council of Ministers

1
Thiru O.Panneerselvam
Honble Chief Minister

Public, Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service, Indian Forest Service, General Administration, District Revenue Officers, Police, Home, Finance, Planning, Legislative Assembly, Elections and Passports, Public Works , Irrigation including Minor Irrigation, Programme Works

2
Thiru Natham R.Viswanathan
Minister for Electricity,Prohibition and Excise

Electricity,Non-Conventional Energy Development, Prohibition and Excise, Molasses.

3
Thiru R.Vaithilingam
Minister for Housing and Urban Development

Housing, Rural Housing and Housing Development, Slum Clearance Board and Accommodation Control, Town Planning, Urban Development and Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority

4
Thiru Edappadi K. Palaniswami
Minister for Highways And Minor Ports

Highways and Minor Ports.

5
Thiru P.MOHAN
Minister for Rural Industries and Labour

Rural Industries including cottage Industries and Small Industries, Labour, Population, Employment and Training, Newsprint Control, Census and Urban and Rural Employment.

6
Tmt B.VALARMATHI
Minister for Social Welfare and Nutritious Noon Meal Programme

Social Welfare including Women's and Children's Welfare, Orphanages and Correctional Administration, Integrated Child Development and Beggar Homes, Welfare of the Differently abled, Social Reforms and Nutritious Noon Meal Programme

7
Thiru P.Palaniappan
Minister for Higher Education

Higher Education including Technical Education, Electronics, Science and Technology.

8
Thiru Sellur K. Raju
Minister for Co-operation

Co-operation, Statistics and Ex-Servicemen Welfare

9
Thiru R.KAMARAJ
Minister for Food, Minister for Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR and CE)

Food, Civil Supplies, Consumer Protection and Price Control.

10
Thiru P.Thangamani
Minister for Industries

Industries, Steel Control, Mines and Minerals, and Special Initiatives 

11
Thiru V. Senthil Balaji
Minister for Transport

Transport, Nationalised Transport, Motor Vehicles Act.

12
Thiru M.C. Sampath
Minister for Commercial Taxes and Registration

Commercial Taxes and Registration and Stamp Act

13
Thiru Agri S.S.Krishnamoorthy
Minister for Agriculture

Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering, Agro Service Cooperatives, Horticulture, Sugarcane Cess, Sugarcane Development and Waste Land Development.

14
Thiru S.P. Velumani
Minister for Municipal Administration,Rural Development,Law,Courts and Prisons

Municipal Administration, Rural Development, Panchayats and Panchayat Unions, Poverty Alleviation Programmes, Rural Indebtedness, Urban and Rural Water Supply. Law, Courts and Prisons, Personnel and Administrative Reforms and Prevention of Corruption

15
Thiru T.K.M. Chinnayya
Minister for Animal Husbandry

Animal Husbandry

16
Tmt. S.Gokula Indira
Minister for Handlooms and Textiles

Handlooms and Textiles

17
Dr S.SUNDARARAJ
Minister for Sports and Youth Welfare

Youth Welfare and Sports Development Department

19
Thiru S.P. Shunmuganathan 
Minister for Tourism

Tourism, Tourism Development Corporation

20
Thiru N.Subramanian
Minister for Adi Dravidar and Tribal Welfare

Adi Dravidar Welfare and Welfare of Hill Tribes and  Bonded Labour.

21
Thiru K.A. Jayapal
Minister for Fisheries

Fisheries and Fisheries Development Corporation

22
Mukkur Thiru N.Subramanian
Minister for Information Technology

Information Technology

23
Thiru R.B. Udhaya Kumar
Minister for Revenue

Revenue, District Revenue Establishment,. Deputy Collectors, Weights and Measures, Debt Relief including Legislation on Money lending, Chits, Registration of Companies.

24
Thiru K.T.RAJENTHRA BHALAJI
Minister for Information and Special Programme Implementation

Information and Publicity, Film Technology and Cinematograph Act, Stationery and Printing and Government Press, Implementation of Special Programme including Implemenation of the Election Manifesto.

25
Thiru B.V. Ramanaa
Minister for Milk and Dairy Development

Milk and Dairy Development.

26
Thiru K.C.VEERAMANI
Minister for School Education

School Education and Archaeology, Tamil Official Language and Tamil Culture

27
Thiru M.S.M. ANANDAN
Minister for Forests

Forests

28
Thiru Thoppu N.D. VENKATACHALAM.
Minister for Environment

Environment and Pollution Control

29
Thiru T.P POONACHI
Minister for Khadi and Village Industries

Khadi and Village Industries Board, Bhoodhan and Gramadhan.

30
Thiru S.ABDUL RAHIM
Minister for Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare

Backward Classes, Most Backward Classes and Denotified Communities, Overseas Indians, Refugees & Evacuees and Minorities Welfare including Wakf.

31
Dr.C.VIJAYA BASKAR
Minister for Health

Health, Medical Education and Family Welfare

 

Tamil Nadu Lok Sabha Members

1 Arakkonam Hari,Shri G. AIADMK
2 Arani Vellaigounder,Shri Elumalai AIADMK
3 Chennai Central S.R.,Shri Vijay Kumar AIADMK
4 Chennai North Venkatesh Babu,Shri T.G. AIADMK
5 Chennai South Jayavardhan,Dr. Jayakumar AIADMK
6 Chidambaram(SC) Chandrakasi,Shri M. AIADMK
7 Coimbatore P.,Shri Nagarajan AIADMK
8 Cuddalore Arunmozhithevan,Shri A. AIADMK
9 Dharmapuri Ramadoss,Dr. Anbumani PMK
10 Dindigul Udhayakumar,Shri M. AIADMK
11 Erode Chinnayan,Shri S.Selvakumara AIADMK
12 Kallakurichi Kamaraj,Dr. K. AIADMK
13 Kancheepuram(SC) Maragatham,Smt. K. AIADMK
14 Kanniyakumari Radhakrishnan,Shri Pon BJP
15 Karur Thambidurai,Dr. Munisamy AIADMK
16 Krishnagiri Ashok Kumar,Shri K. AIADMK
17 Madurai Gopalakrishnan,Shri R. AIADMK
18 Mayiladuthurai Bharathi Mohan,Shri R.K. AIADMK
19 Nagapattinam(SC) Gopal,Dr. K. AIADMK
20 Namakkal Sundaram,Shri P.R. AIADMK
21 Nilgiris(SC) Chinnaraj,Shri Gopalakrishnan AIADMK
22 Perambalur Marutharajaa,Shri R.P. AIADMK
23 Pollachi Mahendran,Shri C. AIADMK
24 Ramanathapuram Raajhaa,Shri Anwhar AIADMK
25 Salem Selvam,Shri V. Panneer AIADMK
26 Sivaganga Senthilnathan,Shri PR. AIADMK
27 Sriperumbudur Ramachandran,Shri Krishnan Narayanasamy AIADMK
28 Tenkasi(SC) M.,Smt. Vasanthi AIADMK
29 Thanjavur K.,Shri Parasuraman AIADMK
30 Theni Parthipan,Shri R. AIADMK
31 Thoothukkudi Natterjee,Shri J. Jayasingh Thiyagaraj AIADMK
32 Tiruchirappalli Kumar,Shri P. AIADMK
33 Tirunelveli Prabakaran,Shri K.R.P. AIADMK
34 Tiruppur Sathyabama,Smt. V. AIADMK
35 Tiruvallur(SC) Venugopal,Dr. Ponnusamy AIADMK
36 Tiruvannamalai Vanaroja,Smt. R. AIADMK
37 Vellore Senguttuvan,Shri Balasubramaniam AIADMK
38 Viluppuram(SC) Rajendran,Shri S. AIADMK
39 Virudhunagar Radhakrishnan,Shri T. AIADMK

 

Tamil Nadu Rajya Sabha Members

1 Arjunan, Shri K. R. AIADMK
2 Bernard, Shri A. W. Rabi AIADMK
3 Kanimozhi, Smt. DMK
4 Lakshmanan, Dr. R. AIADMK
5 Maitreyan, Dr. V. AIADMK
6 Muthukaruppan, Shri S. AIADMK
7 Natchiappan, Dr. E.M. Sudarsana INC
8 Navaneethakrishnan, Shri A. AIADMK
9 Pandian, Shri Paul Manoj AIADMK
10 Raja, Shri D. CPI
11 Ramalingam, Dr. K.P. DMK
12 Rangarajan, Shri T.K. CPI(M)
13 Rathinavel, Shri T. AIADMK
14 Sasikala Pushpa, Smt. AIADMK
15 Selvaraj, Shri A. K. AIADMK
16 Siva, Shri Tiruchi DMK
17 Thangavelu, Shri S. DMK
18 Vijila Sathyananth, Smt. AIADMK

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