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Geography of Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh can be divided into three distinct hypsographical regions: 1. The Himalayan region in the North 2. The Gangetic plain in the centre 3. The Vindya hills and the plateau in the south (Interactive map of Uttar Pradesh) 1. Himalayan Region in the NorthHigh mountains formed of sedimentary rocks broken by valleys and deep gorges, the perpetual snowfalls and soil erosion characterize this region. The prominent peaks in the hill region include Banarpunch, Mount Kamety, Trishul, Dunagiri, Nanda Devi, Badrinath and Kedaranath. The hilly areas are sparsely populated. Irrigation facilities are poor and only a small fraction of the total area is under artificial irrigation. The valley area has fertile and rich soil. There is an intensive cultivation on terraced hill slopes. The higher altitudes are suitable for sub-tropical and temperate fruit culture. The transitional belt running along the entire length of the state is called the Terai and Bhabhar area. The main crops are wheat, rice, and sugar cane. Jute also is grown. Tea is grown in the sub mountain area of the Dehra Dun.
2. The Gangetic Plain in the Centre
The Gangetic plain stretches across the entire length of the state from east to west. The entire alluvial plain can be divided into three sub-regions. · The Eastern Tract · The Central Tract · The Western Tract The Gangetic plain is watered by the Jamuna, the Ganga and its major tributaries, the Ramganga, the Gomati, the Ghaghra and Gandak. The chief crop of the state, Sugar Cane is cultivated here along with other crops like rice, wheat, millets, gram, and barley. 3. The Vindhya Hills and the Plateau in the South
The Betwa and Ken rivers join the Jamuna from the south -west in this region. It has four distinct kinds of soil. Rainfall is scanty and erratic. Water -resources are scare. Dry farming is practical on a large scale. The climate of the state is tropical monsoon, but variations exist because of difference in altitudes. The Himalayan region is cold. There are three distinct seasons – · Cold Season - October to February · Summer Season - March to Mid June · Rainy Season - March to September The Himalayan region has about 100-200cm of rain fall. The rain fall in the plains is heavier in east and decreases towards north-east. Uttar Pradesh comprises of 70 administrative districts, which are grouped into 17 divisions. |
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